改革開放以來，廣東憑藉地緣優勢、中央給予的政策優勢先行一步，經濟迅猛發展，成為全國沿海發達省份之一。2005年，全省國內生產總值約佔全國八分之一，城鄉居民儲蓄存款餘額佔全國近七分之一，外商投資佔全國五分之一，外貿出口佔全國三分之一，社會消費品零售總額佔全國九分之一強，財稅產出和地方財政收入佔全國七分之一。2005年，廣東三天多產出的國內生產總值便相當於1978年一整年。但同時，一些深層次的矛盾也日益顯露—廣東省東西兩翼、粵北山區與珠三角之間的地區經濟差異十分明顯，且差異程度有不斷擴大的趨勢。地區自然資源賦、歷史發展、地理位置等因素的不同，固然造成地區經濟差異，但制度因素亦有影響，對這方面的探究是本文的著眼點。因此，本文從地方財政支持的角度出發，圍繞公平原則，找出並分析地方財政體制存在的問題和弊端；並對地方財政該如何進行有效調控，從而縮小上述的地區經濟差異、促進廣東欠發達地區的經濟發展、緩解區域發展不平衡的矛盾，提出建議。

How to Stimulate Undeveloped Local Economies in Guangdong: From the Angle of Public Policy

Since the launching of reforms and the opening-up policy, Guangdong province has taken advantage of its geography and the favourable policies granted by the central government to develop rapidly. It has become one of China’s most developed coastal provinces. In 2005, the bank savings of residents of the province constitute one-seventh of the national total, foreign investment one-fifth, exports one-third, and retail sales one-ninth. The province’s GDP in three days is now equal to what was its GDP for the entire year of 1978. However, some deep-rooted conflicts have also emerged, due to significant and ever-growing economic differences between the western, the eastern, and the mountainous northern parts of the province and the Pearl River Delta region. Local differences in natural resources endowment, historical development, and geographical position are behind most of these regional disparities within the province. However, the institutional factor should not be overlooked, and indeed is the focus of this paper. Thus, from the angle of local financial support, the problems and deficiencies in local financial regimes are identified and analysed according to the principle of justice, and suggestions are made as to how to regulate local finances to reduce regional economic differences, promote the development of undeveloped areas of Guangdong province, and reconcile the conflicts brought by the large economic disparities among the various areas of the province.